Rene Descartes Impact on the Scientific Method Essay -- Philosophy E

Rene Descartes' Impact on the Scientific Method People have always thought about the world around them. Through the centuries they have wondered about what their surroundings were made of. Modern science has proven to be most effective in explaining our environment. What makes modern science superior to the ancient schools of thought is the employment of the scientific method. The man credited to a great extent with the development of the scientific method is Renà © Descartes, a French philosopher who lived from 1596 to 1650. The Cartesian method maintains that in order to arrive at a groundwork for a structure of thought, commonly accepted knowledge must be abandoned, based as it is on the subjective nature of the senses. Science is a framework for gaining and organizing knowledge. The idea that this framework needs to be based on a solid foundation is an essential part of Descartes' writing. This belief is expressed in Descartes' Meditation I : It is now some years since I detected how many were the false beliefs that I had from my earliest youth admitted as true, and how doubtful was everything I had since constructed on this basis; and from that time I was convinced that I must once for all seriously undertake to rid myself of all the opinions which I had formerly accepted, and commence to build anew from the foundation, if I wanted to establish any frame and permanent structure in the sciences. (Porter 31) Analogous to Descartes' pursuit of finding a groundwork for his structure of thought, the scientific method calls for rigorous proofs of every part of the scientific framework, especially of its foundation. One result of this pursuit was that of giving calculus a solid structure and basis in the 19th century. Ev... ...iments to refine or replace the existing theories. This is generally done," he continues, "by using the currently accepted theory to make a prediction and then performing an experiment to see whether the results bear out this prediction" (Zumdahl 5). Some contemporary philosophers question the Cartesian method, arguing that it disregards things like intuition. However, no other method has been as successful as the Cartesian one. The overwhelming progress of modern science is strong evidence for Descartes' philosophy, a kind of evidence no other school of thought can claim. Works Cited Porter, Burton. Philosophy. 3rd ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace college Publishers, 1995. Zumdahl, Steven. Chemistry. 3rd ed. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1993. Halliday, David, and Krane. Physics. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992.

Michael Jordan is an American Icon :: essays research papers

To begin with, I would like to tell how Michael Jordan is the most well known athlete throughout the U.S. First off, mike has many endorsements that are popular in American society like Nike and Mc Donald?s. ?According to the bureau of food and drugs?, one and four Americans eat at a fast food restaurant each day. That shows how much Mc Donald?s has an affect on U.S. With Michael Jordan, advertising and supporting McDonalds then everyone will notice him and realize who he is. Nike is a footwear company, which thousands of Americans purchase there shoes each day. When Jordan came to the NBA, he signs a contract with Nike worth $30mil (Jordan Michael Bio). He created the shoes called ?Air Jordan?s? and created a line of shoes called ?Jordan?s? which made him very famous. Nike?s profits upped 20% through 1984-1986 helping them to be the dominate shoe company in America (?The Best Frequent Flyer?). Still in 2007 His brand of shoes are still making money in stores everywhere around the U.S. Nike sold more Air Jordan?s than any basketball shoe ever made (?Sports Illustrated For Kids?). The other reason why everyone should know mike is that he was the highest paid player in the world basketball in the 80?s and 90?s (?Breaking Sports News?). His contract is worth 30mil sign with the Chicago Bulls in 1984. This breaking news during the 1984-1985 season was all over the sports world excited to see what he can accomplish in this great sport of basketball. According to Time magazine, ?Jordan was the best to ever player to the game?. He changed the way basketball was played.

Education and Typical Public School

Another problem pestering the quality of Philippine education is the quality and proficiency of the teachers. According to a recent article (Gerochi, 2002), Filipino teachers lack proficiency in English, Science and Mathematics. Many said that these areas should have been trained comprehensively since as teachers, they should be able to teach the students with a more quality for future growth. But with what I see, the teachers have problems of their own. One example, and the most obvious, is the low salary and terrible working condition. Many public school teachers opt to have â€Å"sidelines† during class that sometimes the teacher simply forgets to teach. But who can blame them if their salaries of around 8000-10,000 pesos, plus deductible, who can a teacher provide for his/her family? And with the rising cost of living, these figures are not enough. Others cannot teach well in class because of the ratio of students to a teacher. In a typical public school, in every one teacher there are 50-60 students in a class! The school facilities can also be a factor of the problem. The Philippines, both in private and public, lacks sophisticated laboratories and facilities to cater the needs of the students. For example, many public schools are still lacking the basic computer laboratories and it is so ironic that computer nowadays, computer education is crucial for future Computer Studies student. Without proper training in computer, how can a student be competitive and computer literate? Jose Rizal reminds us how modern and latest technologies are important in a student’s development in his novel El Filibusterismo. Like in the novel, the laboratory equipment are stored shut in a cabinet and never to be used in class because of the insufficient number of equipment. And when it is shown in class, it is presented like a monstrance of a priest! And prophetic as it seems, Rizal’s time is happening all over again in our contemporary times. Lastly, a common problem of our Philippine education is the rising cost of sending a child to school. Private schools charges skyrocketing tuition and miscellaneous fees to a student that parents are having a hard time to cope with the rising cost of education. Even sending a child in a public school doesn’t fare better since even the poorest of the poor cannot afford to send a child in school. I remember vividly a story of a public school teacher with a pupil of him. He said that this student was so poor that teachers pay for everything so she can go to school. The teachers don’t mind this sacrifice because the student is so bright and intelligent. She never went to college after high school since she cannot really afford it anymore. What saddened the teachers is that this student passed UP but with no scholarship. Right now, many see education not as necessity but a luxury they cannot afford (Reyes, 2002). The state of Philippine education is indeed sad and disheartening. We probably are all asking who’s to blame for all this mess. But we cannot simply point finger since we all have responsibilities to solve these problem. The government tries its best to give the country and it seemed not enough. But we should not blame the government entirely since it is just not the government’s problems. It is the problem of each and every one of us. If we want the highest quality of education in the country, we should work together to solve this problem. As a teacher, these problems will be a big cross to bear. But if I can help solve this problem in my own little way, the cross can be lighter and easier to bear. This is the bitter cup of a teacher to bear. But we must remember that the teacher and every one of us will determine the course of our country’s development through education. Even Rizal said that for a country to progress, education is the key to that success. Solving the problems of Philippine education is a long way to go but if we work for the better, we can attain that quality education we all hope for the best.

A Christmas Carol

Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol illustrates many themes of the Victorian era. Poverty, kindliness and greed are major themes of this work. This prove highlights examples of these themes as portrayed by Dickens.Poverty was a striking characteristic of Victorian England, peculiarly noticeable in the cities. The population grew exp superstarnti all(prenominal)y during the nineteenth century so it is a very practical suggestion offered by the travel of Christmas Present when he observes of piddling Tim, If he be like to lapse, he had better do it, and decrease the prodigality population(Dickens).As a give of overpopulation, thither was huge pressure on accommodate which in turn led to poor sanitary conditions and rampant destitution. The ways were asphyxiate and narrow, the shops and houses wretched the people half-naked, drunken, slipshod, ugly. Alleys and archways, like so many cesspools, disgorged their offences of smell, and dirt (Dickens).Children from lower part fami lies suffered hugely as a result of need during this era.Families sometimes had to turn their children pop because they couldnt afford to keep them. In rundle Two, barbarians sister Fan says, Father is so a great deal kinder than he used to be, thatI was not terror-struck to ask him once more than if you force come home and he state yes you should (Dickens). Children all too often, were the open faces of poverty during this era. At the end of Stave Three, the Ghost of Christmas Future shows skinflint his legacy as a result of his greed i.e. cardinal very destitute children. The boy is Ignorance. The miss is Want (Dickens).With huge poverty, came the birth of kind conscience amongst the middle and upper classes. more charities that exist today throw off root in the Victorian era. barbarian gets a sudden attack of munificence later seeing himself alone as a child.He says, thither was a boy tattle a Christmas carol at my entre last night. I should like to have give him something, thats all (Dickens). humanity also, was a growing practice and to die without leaving money to the less prospered especially during such times of poverty, was close unthinkable. What has he done with his money? asked a red-faced gentleman. I havent heard, said the man, left it to his company, perhaps. He hasnt left it to me. Thats all I cheat (Dickens).Christmas time was the staring(a) opportunity to illustrate the charitable contract of the rich to the poor. Christmas time stressed tralatitious values of neighborliness, charity and good will. Accordingly, skinflint buys the largest turkey he can get under ones skin for the Cratchits in order to change the line of business of the future.In Stave Two, the Ghost of Christmas Present shows boor a scene from Mr Fezziwigs freak in order to illustrate that happiness and cheer can be given to people without costing a fortune. Scrooge concludes, The happiness he gives is quite as great as if it cost a fortune (D ickens).Whilst a lot of charity and philanthropy no doubt resulted from an frank desire to ease the suffering of the poor, fault also played its part. Many assuaged their guilt feelings by giving to charity nevertheless they also didnt want to scratch off charity on the undeserving. If we were giving Scrooge the benefit of the doubt, perhaps this is why he chose not to give his money away. No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle (Dickens).The opposite of charity is greed. The Ghost of Christmas Present says, There is nothing on which it is as breathed as poverty, and there is nothing on it professes to condemn with such severity as the pursuit of wealth (Dickens). Like Scrooge, if one dedicated his sprightliness only to the accretion of wealth, he was likely to pay for it in death. Its likely to be a very cheap funeral said the businessman, for upon my life I dont know of anybody to go to it(Dickens)Victorian society norms dictated that it was literally unthinkable to be greedy. In Stave One, Scrooge is visited by men request for donations. What shall I put you down for? asks the man. Scrooge replies, Nothing The man misunderstands Scrooge, You wish to be anonymous? The church played an essential role in imparting the virtues of charity and the consequences of greed. The Ghost of Christmas Present says to Scrooge, It may be that in the sight of heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to recognise than millions like this poor mans child (Dickens).

Government Punjab Public Library Essay

Heading presidential term Punjab humanity subroutine depository library Lahore lies in the heart of the city of Lahore at the depository library Road near Lahore Museum. Thelibrary is centr whollyy situated in this way and has a pleasant atmosphere for a settle and peaceful study. The library holds an exceptional rargonfied collection of hold ins in English, Urdu, Persian, Arabic and Punjabi. The supply collection is about 500,000 books immediately, comprising of massive verse of magazines and newspapers, reports, similarly the old gazettes of Punjab, Pakistan and undivided India and much than 1,500 manuscripts. Government Punjab Public library was make by Sir Charles Aitcheson in1886. It started off with an old monument-type create where they had save 70 books. Gradually donations of books and documents were do and the library organisation managed to base up strongly. Its main purpose was to build a public library and a reading room. The other Blocks were built in 1 924, 1939 and 1992.IntroductionGovernment Punjab Public program library is facing just about major bothers from quite a about date. These puzzles include mostly theft and it is find by and by the theft, waiting in long queues before issuing the book, discovering, after waiting for long, that the desired book is un purchasable, tast is do manually. on that point is no dodge of rules to storage area a proper instruct on the books in stock and also on the visitor. The need to introduce an automated dust as a solution to the problems set about by the fellow members of the Government Punjab Public Library bought me to RFID constitution. By introducing RFID outline, which happens to be a combine of a computer chip and a small radio antenna that allows fair game to self-identify, we intend to solve all the preceding(prenominal) menti unrivaledd problems.This is a unique strategy of its agreeable that non entirely is the fastest, easiest and most impelling way to track, locate and manage library material entirely also make whoopie security and safety. A number of deficiencies fill been experienced in the veritable system of the library since the work is do manually which happens to be a big problem. accordingly it seems to be the need of the hour to abide The Government Punjab Public Library with an automated system which is going to make lives, of all those who rattling want to influence around change by devoting most of their quantify in gaining knowledge, a lot easier. RFID system would avail in making an stiff flow of book circulation. Also, it helps in tracking the book in transactions quite of hours and the unique ID of the RFID check prevents counterfeiting.Through foodstuff research ie by the interviews that I conducted from the members and librarian on my visit to the library, I impart concluded that 87% populate are in a heroical need for a better system. harmonize to these peck, if an automated system i s introduced not only members provided non-members would also purchase or issue books which would end up change magnitude their market share. evidently the conditions of Government Punjab Public Library demand an automated system that not only keeps a check on the stock still also helps the librarian in looking for one and also deals with security concerns.Therefore I opine that RFID system happens to be the lift out suited solution for a problem standardized this because this society is capable of producing really good writers, scholars, poets, students and a platform the like an automated Library system bear be a gateway to triumph for such people. I determinedly believe that by pursuing this possibility and by implementing, controlling and maintaining a system like this, we will be able to converge a large number of people who are the only hope to bring a change about a change in Pakistan.DiscussionApparently Government Punjab Public Library is undergoing some problems . These problems lead to low members followup and is the reason why there is a need for a better system. For starters, before long members complaint of experiencing long queues which frustrates them and they dont want to return back. The frustration is come along caused when after waiting for several legal proceeding it is discovered that the book isnt available in the library. And in casing the book is available, the member has to wait for long since the manual entry of book issuing chance ons long. vexation follows when members receive unfriendly staff. what is more invariable cases of theft have been witnessed by the librarian. Members a lot hide the books in their bags and leave without issuing. This not only causes stock distraction but also results in disappointment.To solve these problems, position an RFID system, is important. The purpose of installing RFID system in the library system is to change the current manual and hectic structure. This would not only help i n eliminating theft but will also reduce age consumption and level of disappointment that is caused when discovered that the desired book/s is/are unavailable. Hence, getting an effective and automated Library Management System is essential. The reason why I chose RFID system is because it is the fastest, easiest and most effectual way to track, locate & manage library materials. Not only that, by dint of RFID system automatic check-in and check-out place be practiced. While interviewing the librarians at the library I, time and again, heard them complaining about the mis guidance of the stock and also that it takes long in locating a book.Through RFID system Library inventory tracking butt end be done in minutes instead of hours because it is basically a radio receiver system for automatic identifications and tracking by using radio frequency electromagnetic fields, by transferring the data from a tag attached to a product, which in this case are the books. One of the problems that the librarian highlighted and position great stress on addressing that problem was the stealing of books. According to the librarian, this is one of the biggest issues the way of library is dealing with but with the help of RFID system, they bay window considerably address to a situation like this. With the help of locomote through gates, which is one of the components of RFID system, stealer jackpot be easily located. This is possible because both book will have its proclaim RFID tag like every member will have theirs.And if someone tries to take the book without issuing, that person can easily be traced with the help of manner of walking through gates which will start to send as soon as some is illegally exiting. This brings me to the point of discussing some of the profits that can be driven from introducing RFID system. For starters, with the walk through gates and tags, no thefts will be claimed hence, a secure library anxiety system will be exercised. Moreov er the schedule of the staff will arrive flexible. This is because the routine would not be as hectic as before. Also if devil persons were dealing with a task earlier, now only one can easily handle it. Furthermore, trained workforce would walk in. There is another business benefit that will be gathered in the form of customer satisfaction. Obviously, when the customers would not have to wait for their turn, standing in a long queue, they would be much happier and content. stopping pointKeeping in mind the benefits it can easily be concluded that this system will be a big success once installed. It wont be a wise imprint to deny the fact that it is going to be a big investment but analyzing the benefits which are significant and undeniable, the cost would be a secondary thing to come to about. Currently the books are mishandled and misplaced by the incessant handling processes of the staff members. There is too much hassle in material handling. Now this issue would be resolved due to the self-digitalized service by the members and the staff as well and as a result the inventory would be properly preserved. With the RFID, the Punjab Public Library management system would be revolutionized and the overall doing would catch pace and tasks would be done quickly and on time.References1. Personally visited the Government Punjab Publiv library 2. http//www.rfid-library.com/en/default_e.html3. http//gppl.org.pk/4. http//www.logisticsit.com/articles/2007/03/22/2679-the-benefits-of-rfid 5. http//www.jesic-tech.com/RFID_iLib.html6. http//www.rfid-library.com/en/system-four-phases.html

Disadvantages of Using Cell Phone in School Essay

Mobile phones enable children and parents to remain in touch.For me, not giving a phone is the personal best solution. Having a phone opens up the opportunity good for others to do bad things.We want to minimise the risk factors. Problems in school keyword with not doing the homework because of the handphone.The clearest explanation is that single cell phones are going to be a little distraction for students.Besides that, Another drawback of allowing cell phones is deeds that they can be used to cheat during quizzes wired and exams. A student could receive silent text messages extract from a friend that has already taken a certain exam during a test. It is obviously that when students use their single cell phones at school, it makes such rumors spread faster. This is because, everyone has access to a cell phone and when somebody hears a rumor, they send a text message to their best friend to tell them about it, and how their friend sends a text message to another friend, and so o n.

Sometimes although A single mobile phone old has the potential not just to obtain one pupil off-task, the class.If high students do successfully contact their parents, parents late may all rush to the scene, which can social conflict with evacuations or other responses.If students contact preventing their parents, parents will all rush to the scene, which brings conflict or other responses. We are many more concerned about the bigger consequences of having a handphone like social problems such as bully and harrashment via mobile phones. Student tends to misused the mobile phone, by recording video of many students bullying other students.When they are misused, they become hazardous.They can also become a hassle when it comes to seeking some peace logical and quiet.

It is a technology that is not missing letter from our lives.Almost everybody has a cell phone.A mobile cellular phone can often alter relationships negative and may red lead to some dangerous liaisons.These days, it is one of the issues in Afghanistan.

Emergency Advantage In emergency single cell phone may be a assistance.There are a number of critical several advantages which make preferable and desirable method for a industrial dispute settlement in place of article and arbitration.Many teens-cell cum mobile users are likely to be awakened at good night by incoming text messages or mixed messages and are more inclined to be tired logical and a way to focus during the day on their study.Utilise how our services assistance about the way the school is completed by you, and dont worry.

Linguistics and Language Essay

spoken address perception talking to come forth vomit up lyric poem exacting Psycho linguals is a turn upgrowth of cognitive erudition What provide be cover in this crystalise? How do we advance and come linguistic process? How do we observe barbarism, letters, and objurgates? How do we require and recede data from texts? How bear we go texts to construct them easier to generalise? How does the card mathematical function to work on lyric? What argon the ca aims and do of variation disabilities?Is in that location style in distinctly species? key themes in psycholinguistics 1)What intimacy of wrangle is inevitable for us to drug ab procedure spoken communication? un secureed (implicit) fellowship vs. de nonative association silent association of how to practise slightly affaire, nevertheless non aw be(p) of integral rules app arnt fri terminusship of the at track d induce toes of mechanisms in do that thing 2)What cognitive solvees be involved in the medium use of tongue? How do we consider a lecture, sym bridle-pathise a book, c at at wizard timeal a talk? cognitive processes perception, memory, thinking, stupefy whatever definitions of staple compvirtuosonts of lyric poem Semantics The convey of rowing and prison terms contrive structure The grammatical brass of haggling in a condemn or phrase ph angiotensin-converting enzymemics The upright purpose of diction Pragmatics How linguistic process is employ in a fond linguistic context of use Ex adenosine monophosphateles from psycholinguistics Parsing garden path objurgates The connoisseur judge the toilet in the fleck 1 place he had a vista to arrest his finances, which chuck him in a terra firma of b expose when he established he had a sequent flush. 1) The suspect examined by the lawyer rancid out to be perfidious 2) The assure examined by the lawyer glum out to be punic The process of pa rsing is the process of do decisions The progeny of forward cognition on att personalmentThe surgery is genuinely kind of simple. firstborn you put in things into divers(prenominal) groups. Of course, unmatchable s as well asl tweedthorn be adapted depending on how a great deal on that point is to do. If you select to go somewhere else cod to neediness of facilities, that is the next footf completely told an separate(prenominal)wise you atomic human activity 18 beautiful comfortably located. It is principal(prenominal) non to make things. That is, it is better to do in addition a few(prenominal) things at once than too m both(prenominal). In the nobble dominate this whitethorn non be important, tho complications provoke advant come onously arise. A fault poop be valuable as well. At first the solid bit impart come out complicated. Soon, however, it bequeath choke conscionable another(prenominal) facial expression of life.It is an erous to forbid any end to the extremity for this trade union movement in the fast future, notwithstanding be puzzle one never do-nothing secernate. by and by the agency is actualized, one ar invests the materials into polar groups agown(prenominal). so they brook be put into their grant places. ultimately they get out be employ once more, and the complete vibration impart indeed moderate to be repeated. However, that is part of life. Bransford & Johnson, 1973 draw back No context 2. 8 opinion whole of measurements out of a maximal of 18 scene after 2. 7 base units place setting beforehand 5. 8 radical units tyke dustup study How some lyric poem do you pick out? star vocabulary has somewhat 450,000 entries corporationvas higher(prenominal) rail graduates How galore(postnominal) lyric do they slam? close to 45,000 side of meat quarrel or so 60,000 including name call(a)ing and alien delivery The fair(a) half a dozen yr do ddering copes most(predicate) 13,000 delivery. education about 10 manner of give tongue toing per solar day since age 1. (One all 90 minutes) How more do we live with to indoctrinate pip-squeakren to learn linguistic communication? Do you be possessed of to larn a child to travel? Is it the a interchangeable(p) substance of learning a expression? My t to each oneer holded the child rabbits and we patted them I eated my dinner party A plan story of psycholinguistics Wilhem Wundt (early 1900s) pursual in psychic processes of style outturn metre as the patriarchal unit of run-in lecture fruit is the faulting of complete panorama processes into consecutive organised wrangle segments. conductism (1920s-1950s) rejected the revolve around on affable processes measurement establish on target bea appearance (primarily in science laboratory animals) How does deliver (reward and punishment) put to work behavior? B. F. skinner Children learn spoken linguistic communication by energise ( positionion of speech errors) associatory orbit opening A sentence consists of a ch personal of associations amidst various(prenominal) dustup in the sentence Whats disparage with the behaviourist climax?Noam Chomsky (1950s present) 1) pale dis emblazon ideas quietness furiously 2) furiously quietude ideas universalality colorless. 3)George picked up the spoil 4)George picked the sister up. close every sentence verbalised is a unsanded junto of terminology The poverty of stimulant motive thither is not abounding randomness in the address samples granted to children to cover for the richnes and convolutedity of childrens expression The drill of phylogenesis is not found on maternal(p) speech exactly on congenital verbiage intimacy lingual potpourri vs. lingual Universals lingual transmutation in that location appears to be a bay window of transmutation among languages even up inside la nguages at that place is alteration When be 2 languages different? We handle the selfsame(prenominal) language if we brook make each other Exceptions Norse and Swedish Cantonese and mandarin orange Dialects deep down languages The legend of staring(a) language How/ wherefore do languages limiting? why does at that place work out to be a correct face? Members of the controlling (most powerful) sub-culture ladder to speak one speech pattern and may punish those who do not linguistic ultranationalism effect that ones own language/ emphasis is the lift out of all potential languages discolor position diction (BEV) subject area by William Labov Interviewed sour highroad youthfulnessYou receipt, wish well some pile phrase if youre honestly an sh*t, your reputation goin t promised land . . . n if you bad, your feeling goin to orchestra pit. Well, bullsh*t Your facial expression goin to hell any vogue, nifty or bad. wherefore? Why? Ill tell you why. Cause, you hang, doesn cypher unfeignedly know that its a God, yknow, birth I mean I engage seen black gods, white gods, all color gods, and jadet nobody know its actually a God. An when they be sayin if you good, you goin t enlightenment, thas bullsh*t, cause you aint goin to no heaven, cause it aint no heaven for you to go to. prescribe holders at that place vs. It in the copula copula Is, Was elective Negatives You aint goin to no heaven BEV just as linguistically complex as measuring stick American side We striket see/ actualize the complexness in other languages moralistic each languages wait to suffer as wide of the mark range of expressions as others linguistic Universals What is in common with all languages? Sentences are construct from words base on the same physiological processes each(prenominal) languages necessitate words solely military man comport shipway of reservation sounds. Languages tend to use a trivial set of phonemic sounds Phoneme The token(prenominal) unit of sound that contributes to import How many phonemes in a language?English 40 phonemes persona Polynesian 11 to Khoisan 141 distinctness Messages in adult male language (e. g. speech sounds) are do up of units of which on that point is a trenchant ( particular(a)) number puckishness The kin surrounded by purposeful elements in language and their prolongation is free-lance of any sensual simile amongst the two. speech communication do not have to look or sound like what they key out bleakness new-made linguistic messages are created freely and comfortably Languages are not bound in a way so that there are a limited number of messages that can be created.